Digital Journalism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Digital Journalism - Assignment Example Many years ago before the development of radios, televisions, newspapers or cellphones, people used the traditional methods of communication. These methods were nevertheless inefficient and many people didn’t receive the information. Years on, technology was advanced and newspapers and the use of telegrams were established. After that, technology continued to advance until the present day, where technology has grown and advanced further making it possible for many people get information anywhere and everywhere (Pavlik, 2008). Technology can therefore be referred to as a driver that has changed journalism for the past two decades and continues to transform it. The development of journalism attempts to deal with dynamic growth of developing and developed nations. Digital technology has designed journalism in many different ways. Many countries have developed new forms of media technologies like radio and televisions, which has been possible because of development of cables television, as well as high definition and digital television (Pavlik, 2008). Another significant development was the rise of internet and the World Wide Web that has created access to any information, radically raising technology for the past decades. This new form of digital journalism has brought the global market close together and it has given people the platform to get access to information. The developments of mobile phones and handsets have been among the most significant developments in journalism. This is because they have widened the access of information and news to people all over the world. The most significant development of journalism is the quick access to internet; this has been possible due to its availability and the low cost.

19th Century United States Presidential Elections Essay

19th Century United States Presidential Elections - Essay Example Hence, each party nominated a second contender: Aaron Burr for the Democratic-Republicans and Charles Pickney for the Federalists. There are numerous issues considered by the electorate in 1800 which resulted in its unusual outcomes. The popularity of John Adams had declined after his alleged inefficient management of foreign policy. Hence, it was obvious from the start that Jefferson would defeat him. The Democratic-Republicans, after the votes were counted, had emerged victorious. However, the impossible had occurred. A deadlock resulted between Jefferson and Burr. So, the Congress had voted. Still, Jefferson won the presidential seat. The 1808 United States presidential election had three candidates, namely, Federalist Charles C. Pinckney, Democratic-Republican George Clinton, and Democratic-Republican James Madison. James Madison was an advocate of a powerful central government. Having been the loyal secretary of state of Jefferson, Madison gained firm support from the Republicans in 1808. Hence, James Madison defeated Charles Pinckney, who was, in contrast to Madison, a failed Federalist contender in the 1804 election. George Clinton, the incumbent Vice President, was also a contender for the presidential seat, acquiring votes from a Democratic-Republican Party’s division that rejected James Madison. ... In addition, this presidential election was unusual in the sense that the candidate garnering majority of the electoral votes did not win the presidential seat. It is also frequently regarded to be the first election where in the president failed to prevail over popular vote. Just then, a number of states did not perform a popular vote, permitting their state parliament to select the members of the electorate. The 1832 United States presidential election had four candidates, namely, Democratic Andrew Jackson, National Republican Henry Clay, Independent John Floyd, and Anti-Masonic William Wirt. Henry Clay discovered that National Republican support was mainly restricted to New England, Mid-Atlantic States, and his homeland Kentucky. He tried to strengthen his position by choosing a running mate who is an officer of the Bank of the United States. The sitting Jackson chose the trustworthy Martin Van Buren. The Anti-Masonic Party gained little consideration and interest, but was able to undermine Clay by taking several votes. The sweeping victory of Andrew Jackson in the 1832 election ended the existence of the Anti-Masonic and National-Republic parties. They would eventually be reconstructed and included in the development of the Whig Party. The 1836 United States presidential election had five candidates, namely, Democratic Martin Van Buren, Whig William Harrison, Whig Hugh White, and Whig Daniel Webster, and Independent W.P. Mangum. The subject matter of slavery in this election became foremost for the first time. Van Buren tried to make the North and South contented. The primary challenger of Van Buren was William Henry Harrison. The latter was a

Employment Effects of the Minimum Wage

Employment Effects of the Minimum Wage 1. Introduction The question involving how minimum wage impacts employment remains among the most broadly studied as well as the most controversial topic in the labor economics, by a corresponding difference in the political domain. Minimum wage regulations are a perfect example of price control; price controls distort the quality of services and goods. And limit transaction volume in the market spot. In the scenario of minimum wage, costs are assumed to appear in the way of reduced output and employment; conversely, the gains accrue mostly to those who often retain their works at a relative high wage rate. Research findings have showed that minimum wages lessen the jobs vacant to low-skill workers. The potential advantage of imposing higher wages often comes from the greater wages for affected employees, and some percentage are in low-income or poor families. The potential shortcomings are that the higher minimum wage can discourage workers from utilizing the low-wage, low-skill employees that the minimum wage is anticipated to help. If in any case the minimum wages lessen employment of low-skill employees, then minimum wage is not a â€Å"free lunch† in which to help low-income and poor families, but as an alternative pose a tradeoff that is of benefit for several against costs for others. 2. Effects of the minimum wages on employment. According to Neumark and Wascher (1992), minimum wages lessens work for young adults and teens, with elasticity ranging from –0.1 to -0.2. Also, subminimum wages moderate misemployment effects. Conversely, some studies have shown that there is no direct relationship between minimum wages and employment, or even constructive effects. Card, Katz and Krueger (CKK) tries to reconcile these conflicting findings through challenging the results. Since study on minimum wages remains likely to affect policy decisions. Thus, the reconciling aspect is very vital. Imposing a minimum wage has contrasting effects on work creation. Though it lessens demand for labor through raising the marginal price of employing a fresh employee, a greater wage increases the gap between the expected employments to returns relative to unemployment, encouraging additional search effort, on unemployed employees. By aggregating the intensity of searching workers, the minimum wage increases the quality of competitions amongst employers and employees, thus generating the surplus. If employees extensive search effort significantly improves the employer firm match quality, then work creation may not be severely affected besides may even increase. Nonetheless, if the demand-side influence dominates, then raising the minimum wage causes declines in employment. 2.1 Pros of the effect of minimum wage on employment. Lots of low-wage, low-skill employees retain their jobs as well as earn higher salaries once minimum wages are amplified. Some research has not found that minimum wages result in fewer jobs. Living wage policies, for instance, those adopted by United States municipalities may help decrease poverty. In addition, targeted tax credit often does a great work of reaching the lowly than the minimum wages. 2.2 Cons of the effect of minimum wage on employment. Compelling evidence from various countries designates that imposing higher minimum wages leads to fewer jobs. Researchers that focus on unskilled employees find the stoutest evidence that imposing minimum wages lessens jobs. Low-paying jobs demanding level skills are jobs that are prone to decline with amplified minimum wages. In the United State, higher minimum wages does not help. 2.3 Discussion of cons and pros Studies of minimum wages depict an economic labor market, especially for a single job, through an upward-sloping curve of labor supply (S) plus a downward-sloping curve of labor demand (D). There is an impeccable equilibrium wage, w, as well as equilibrium quantity following labor employed, L. by a binding- minimum wage, mw that is greater than w, fewer employees are used, this is attributed to two reasons. First, employers subset away from the currently more expensive labor as well as towards other inputs for instance capital. Second, since costs are greater with this brand new input mix, product costs rise, which later lessens labor demand. As a result, these two effects lower employment- Lmw. Below is a graph of the effect of minimum wage on employment (Neumark Wascher, 2014). S Wage mw W D Lmw L employment The intersection of demand and supply curves defines the equilibrium real wage as well as the equilibrium level of the entire hours of work. When the prescribed legal minimum wage is beyond the equilibrium market clearance level, then the minimum is attributed to be binding. Thus, a minimum that is under the equilibrium market clearance level is not-binding besides has no significant impact on market equilibrium. Employers will often subset away less-skilled employees toward more-skilled employees following a minimum wage rise. This labor-labor replacement has inferences for the empirical indication of the employment influences of minimum wages., the employment decrease may not seem to be great, even if the misemployment effect among least-skilled employees is intense. There is a policy perspective stating that, the minimum wage is supposed to assist the least-skilled employees. If their employment lessens substantially, then the policy is self-defeating. 2.4 Evidence Some economist defines the impact of minimum wages by means of the employment elasticity: that is, the ratio of percentage change in employment to the percentage change in the legislated minimum wage. For instance, a 10% rise in minimum wage lessens employment of the unskilled and young workers by 1% if the elasticity is -0.1 as well as by 3% if elasticity is -0.3. Through the 1970s, most early researches on the effect of minimum wages on employment focused on the United States. These researches estimated the impacts of these changes in the country minimum wage on total employment of young persons, typically 16-19-year-olds or 16-24-years-olds, lots of who have very low skills. Later, the research showed that the elasticity for young employment clustered amongst -0.1 and -0.3 (Card Krueger, 2000). 3. How minimum wage reduces employment. Imposing minimum wages lessens the demand for inexperienced or skilled workers and young persons and upsurge the demand for other alternative resources, for instance, skilled workers. If at any point skilled employees are in inadequate supply, for example, when a union regulates entry into the market, thus their wages will rise significantly since the demand for their skilled services expands. Diffuse as well as poorly organized individuals of unskilled employees who lose their works, or new candidates to the labor market who do not acquire jobs, appear to bear the utmost costs. These groups may be unaware of the various sources of their challenges. Even if they are aware, their concern is moderated by a wide-ranging system of government well-being benefits (Card Krueger, 1994). An approximate of two-third researches reviewed approximated that, imposing minimum wage hides undesirable effects on employment. Only eight of the studies found desirable employment effects. 28 of the most credible studies pointed to undesirable employment effects. These comprised research on Colombia, Mexico, Canada, United State, Costa Rica, Portugal and the United Kingdom. In particular, the researchers focusing on unskilled employees find solid evidence of misemployment effects, with impact larger or near the consensus range of the United States data. Conversely, few-if-any-studies offer convincing evidence of desirable employment impact of minimum wages. Some economists, for instance the CKK group, criticizes these findings into five areas, enrollment rates in schools, the specification of minimum wage variables, the measurement of coverage rate, evidence of utilization of subminimum wages and the role of protected minimum wage effects. In enrollment rates, CKK raises the query, whether regression equations normally used to approximate minimum wage effects may include supply variables. They argue that, if at any case the minimum wages are not-binding for every of the observation of a data set, thus the supply variables may help determine employment. They argue that, it is partial evidence the eliminating school enrollment rates from employment equation is misspecification, then misemployment impacts of minimum wages are supposed to be stouter for teens as compared for young grown-ups, conversely, these holds only if the enrollment rate is incorporated. Besides, CKKs claim that the enrolment rate is usually plus measurement error and is refuted by the sum of enrollment rate, moreover, employment rate is significantly connected to minimum wages as well as other labor market environments. More practically, there is a sizeable proportion of persons neither employed nor in school, besides this proportion is systematicall y negatively associated with minimum wages. They also note that, the assessments for younger adults is not sensitive to definition of enrollment rate, as well as that estimates correcting potential endogeneity of various enrollment depicts negative minimum wage impact on both young adults and teenagers specifications (Neumark Wascher, 2000). CKK criticize the traditional economists coverage rate on the basis that it does not measure coverage of young adults by state and federal minimum wage laws. The presented evidence that a rise in coverage in 1985 for government sector employees did not end in employment regressions relative to trend, that they interpret as proof that their coverage measure is faulty, or the minimum wages have nil effect. Nevertheless, they claim that this is a bad experiment, due to the following reasons; The real worth of minimum wage was decreasing over this period. Government sector employment of young people is considerably low, and It seems unsuitable to assess this competitive model of minimum wages by using workers working in the public sector. Furthermore, regressions at the national level, regulating for other variables that impact employment, and not limited to this specific coverage rise, it also indicates that greater coverage is related to the lesser employment of young people. 3.0 Possible Channels For the average the lowest pay permitted by law build, one or a greater amount of these option channels of alteration whether they are identified with gainfulness builds, cuts in benefits, diminishments in profit of higher workers, higher costs to purchasers, or different components must adapt to what are moderately little aggregate expense expands, when communicated as either an offer of the aggregate wages paid to the lowest pay permitted by law laborers or as an offer of the aggregate wages paid to all specialists. Reduction in hours met expectations The lowest pay permitted by law does not raise the expense of enlisting specialists – it raises the expense of employing an hour of work performed by those laborers. Indeed, even inside the aggressive structure, businesses may decide to react to a lowest pay permitted by law increment by diminishing specialists hours, rather by decreasing the aggregate number of laborers on finance. Reductions in preparing Another channel of conformity predictable with the aggressive structure is the likelihood that bosses may diminish their uses on occupation preparing for low-wage specialists. The exact confirmation is not decisive. In their survey of the late research on the lowest pay permitted by law and preparing, Neumark and Wascher (2007) compose: Summing up the greater part of the proof on preparing, we can just infer that the confirmation is blended. Our own particular research has a tendency to discover negative impacts of least wages on preparing; however the majority of the other late research discovers little proof of an impact in either bearing. Higher costs Executives may react to a higher the lowest pay permitted by law by going on the added expenses to buyers as higher costs. In a simply aggressive economy, where all organizations are encountering the same increment in the process of childbirth expenses in light of a lowest pay permitted by law increment, monetary hypothesis predicts that at any rate a part of the expense increment will be gone through to purchasers. â€Å"Productivity wage reactions from specialists A higher the lowest pay permitted by law might likewise spur laborers to work harder, autonomously of any activities by businesses to build gainfulness. As per productivity wage hypothesis, compensation over the aggressive business rate may evoke more prominent work exertion for a few reasons. As Card Krueger (1994) have contended, higher boosts in compensation the expense to laborers of losing their employment, conceivably prompting more prominent exertion from specialists with a specific end goal to diminish their possibilities of being terminated. Card David(2000), contending from a more sociological perspective, has proposed that specialists may see higher wages as a blessing from bosses, driving laborers to respond by meeting expectations harder. 3.1 The Katz index CKK contend that the typical coverage-adjusted relative wage variable used for most minimum wage researches is faulty since it is inversely correlated with young adults’ wage. However, the inverse correlation amongst the comparative minimum wage variable besides young-adult wage aligns suitably with the Katz index. For instance, if the nominal minimum wage was static, a fitting minimum wage variable ought to decline. If the mean young adults’ wage increases, because the actual worth of the minimum wage decreases. Therefore, the better test of Katz index is if it is directly correlated with the relative value of young-adult work and whether this direct correlation shoots from variations in minimum wage coverage. Therefore, the Katz index fulfills these conditions. CKK also state that retrogressing employment figures on minimum wage coverage, somewhat than on minimum salaries compared to wages of elder workers, delivers better estimations of minimum wage impacts, and they illustrate that such estimations are positive. Although, the main misemployment impact of minimum wages will probably result from the replacement of elder, higher-wage employees for younger, less-wage employees, and the applicable price driving this replacement is the relative cost of these kinds of labor. Furthermore, utilizing nominal minimum wage characteristic does not capture variations in the minimum wage linked to variations in the nominal mean young-adult wage, and indirectly adopts that labor demand curve disrupts standard homogeneity norms. Since, the data are mainly unhelpful with respect to the precise specification of minimum wage variable. 3.2. Lagged Minimum Wage Effects CKK also address analysis of Cards (1992) research that uses the regional difference to research on minimum wage impacts. Particularly, it is argued that the existence of lagged minimum wage impacts biases the one-year first-difference approximations away from discovering misemployment effects. CKK state that by using two-year variances do not change the results. They point out, that using two-year variances is not same as presenting lags. And they show that, two-year differences obscure lagged Undesirable minimum wage effects. 3.3 Subminimum Wage Usage CKK enquiries the conclusions concerning subminimum wages. They accrue that their plots of the wage circulation recording usage of subminimum salaries are misleading since the five-cent range is used as compared to exact figures. Nevertheless, the evidence recommends that this procedure do not give the unambiguous impression since maximum CPS respondents report hourly wage rates and are multiples of 5 cents. Conclusion While low wages lead to the direct financial straits of numerous poor as well as low-income People, the dispute that a greater minimum wage is a desirable way to increase their economic conditions is not reinforced by the evidence. Mainly, a greater minimum wage often discourages employers from utilizing the very low-wage, unskilled employees that the minimum wage is intended to help. References Card, David and Krueger, Alan B., â€Å"Minimum Wages and Employment: A Case Study of the Fast-Food Industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania: Reply,† American Economic Review, December 2000, 90, 1397-1420, http://www.nber.org/papers/w6386 Card, David, Katz, Lawrence F. and Krueger, Alan B., â€Å"Employment Effects of Minimum and Subminimum Wages: Panel Data on State Minimum Wage Laws: Comment,† Industrial and Labor Relations Review, April 1994, 47, 487-96, http://www.nber.org/papers/w4528 Neumark, David and Wascher, William L., â€Å"Employment Effects of Minimum and Subminimum Wages: Panel Data on State Minimum Wage Laws,† Industrial and Labor Relations Review, October 1992, 46, 55-81, http://www.nber.org/papers/w3859 Neumark, David and Wascher, William L., â€Å"Employment Effects of Minimum and Subminimum Wages: Panel Data on State Minimum Wage Laws: Reply,† Industrial and Labor Relations Review, April 1994, 47, 497-512, http://www.nber.org/papers/w4570 Neumark, David and Wascher, William L., â€Å"Minimum Wages and Employment: A Case Study of the Fast-Food Industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania: Comment,† American Economic Review, December 2000, 90, 1362-96, http://www.nber.org/papers/w5224 Neumark, David and Wascher, William L., â€Å"Minimum Wages and Employment,† Foundations and Trends in Microeconomics, 2007, 3(1-2), 1-182,http://www.nber.org/papers/w12663 Neumark, David, Salas, J. M. Ian and Wascher, William L., â€Å"More on Recent Evidence on the Effects of Minimum Wages in the United States,† NBER Working Paper No.20619, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, October 2014, http://www.nber.org/papers/w20619?utm_campaign=ntwutm_medium=emailutm_so the Fast-Food Industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania,† American Economic Review, September 1994, 84, 772-93, http://www.nber.org/papers/w4509urce=ntw

The Evil of Lago Essay -- Literary Analysis, Shakespeare

The Evil of Iago Shakespeare has written many works with various villains, but out of all of them, without a doubt the most sinister one is Iago. Most of the antagonists in Shakespeare's plays have valid clear motives for the troubles the cause. Iago on the other had does not, for the most part he just has hatred for the world especially Othello. He is the main character of the play in the sense that he is the cause of all conflict in Othello. All of the problems he causes are through lies, treachery, and manipulation. Some of his hate is fuelled by jealousy and revenge. The ironic part is that he wants to be known as "honest Iago". Iago is the epitome of evil as he manipulates those who trust him without just reason or remorse. Iago is an evil character as while he has no legitimate reason for his evil plans, he rationalizes the reasons for his actions and still sets out to ruin the lives of those around him. He hates Michael Cassio, for receiving the lieutenancy instead on himself. Ranting to Roderigo, he says, â€Å"[Cassio is] mere prattle without practice/Is all his soldiership†¦And I, of whom his eyes had seen proof†¦must be beleed and calmed. (I.i.27-32). Iago believes that he has been unjustly overlooked for the position, as he is clearly more qualified than Cassio. He also believes Cassio has slept with his wife, he â€Å"fear[s] Cassio with [his] nightcap(II.i.329)." Though he hates Cassio, much of his hate is directed towards Othello. It may be as Othello has given Cassio the promotion, but Iago does not give that reason, instead he says, â€Å"I hate the Moor,/And it is thought abroad that ‘twixt my sheets/’Has done my office. (I.iii.429-431) Iago believes that both Othello and Cassio have been with his wife. He has no evidence o... ...fuses to divulge information, he says, â€Å"Demand me nothing: what you know, you know/From this time forth I never will speak word. (V.ii.355-356) Iago shows no remorse for his actions, even refusing to come clean or ask for some sort of forgiveness when he is caught. Iago is the epitome of evil as he manipulates those who trust him without just reason or remorse. He only driven by hatred, with has no legitimate reason for his evil plans. Iago is seen as an honest man, and he uses this as leverage to spread lies and manipulate without suspicion. And when all is said and done, he shows no remorse for what he has done. Iago is truly evil to the core, continually playing a game of deception, with everyone, the audience, even himself. He has depth and his actions are the main drive of the play. Iago, with his hatred and amorality, is an example of a perfect villain.

The Universal Effects of Animal Cruelty

Did you know that animals are not the only ones affected by animal cruelty? In fact, both animals and humans alike receive trauma and pain as a result of these atrocities. Many of these perpetrators involved in these harmful acts of abuse tend to not know the effects of their crimes and almost never have a good reason for doing so. Studies show that there are two types of animal cruelty: passive and active. Passive cruelty is not indirect abuse, but it involves neglect of caring for animals, whereas active cruelty is meant to purposely harm the animals and it is often associated with sociopaths. Animal cruelty is evident all around the world and includes: starving and not caring for domestic animals, testing products on animals, being utilized as shark bait, brutalizing and harming animals during film productions, and the notorious cruelty done for generation after generation without any particular reason. There has to be more laws implemented to stop harming animals overall, since the animals themselves are helpless in getting aid. Animals deserve just as much respect and rights to live in this world as humans do. Animals everywhere are just like humans and want to protect their loved ones. Animal cruelty is a worldwide issue that harms all living beings mentally and physically, therefore, in order to create a humane society for all organisms, it should altogether be stopped. First, many people think that hurting animals is harmless to us humans, but they are wrong, because many human serial killers began their first crime as animal cruelty which then graduated into human cruelty. There is a lot of evidence that shows that serial killers and abusers began with animal cruelty. If a human can abuse animals and show psychological issues, then it is possible that they can do the same harm to a human, which would solemnly cause not only harm to the animal society, but to the human society. Stopping animal cruelty and reporting people who do these malicious acts can possibly prevent human massacres as well as animal massacres. In 1997, Boston’s Northeastern University and the MSPCA did a study that found â€Å"70% of all animal abusers have committed at least 1 other crime and that 40% had committed violent crimes against humans† (Internet). This suggests that nearly half of the people that commit animal cruelty crimes also commit human cruelty crimes. Any kind of violence against a human being is inhumane and isn’t allowed, just as animal cruelty shouldn’t be allowed, seeing as many criminals have a tendency to follow up with human cruelty crimes. Eric Harris and Dylan Klebod were two high school students that killed 12 classmates and then committed suicide only after they had â€Å"bragged to friends about mutilating animals. If these acts had been reported to authorities and taken seriously, these two young men might have been put in a proper facility and helped, possibly avoiding the horrific massacre† (Internet). This suggests that the criminals aren’t the only ones who can prevent these kind of animal and human cruelty crimes, but bystanders and those who overhear people doing these such things can take one step forward and report these crimes. Given these type of examples, it should only be more motivation for every state, every country, and every continent to implement anti-animal abuse laws to save lives. Anybody can be helpful in saving many more animal lives as well as human lives, not just the government and the legal system, because animals and humans are always important to somebody. Second, most animal cruelty happens in a household and chances are there are children in these households that either grow up traumatized or influenced to repeat these atrocities. Children are more vulnerable to being corrupted from witnessing animal cruelty because these images stay with them as they grow older and they can possibly reenact these crimes themselves. The criminals either force the children in the household to watch the abuse take place or they abuse the children as well. This can cause trauma in young children, which causes them to grow up corrupted or chances are that â€Å"a child abusing an animal can grow up to be someone who commits other violent crimes† (Internet). This suggests that human children are also affected by animal cruelty as well as the animal victims. These children can be scarred for life, whether it’s mentally or physically. Children aren’t the only ones who have to observe animal cruelty going on, but they are the future of every generation and if they are broken at an early age, then they cannot make it in a stable life. Also, with a constant cycle of children witnessing animal cruelty and then committing to animal cruelty, there will only be more and more people affected by this and then it will be harder and harder to put an end to. Children at a young age will have to learn from somebody, if not their parents, and they â€Å"do not have ine control over their movements and impulses—they will want to treat their pets with love, but will need a little help from you to do it correctly† (Internet). This suggests that the adults and teenagers of the world can control how a child’s development turns out and if we do not perform animal cruelty acts in front of children then they will not be exposed to a harsh world as they grow up. The earlier we instill kindness into nurturing child development, the less they’ll turn out to be convicted of animal cruelty felonies. Third, passive and active cruelties are both common from people who only do it to feel a sense of power and authority, but that in itself is senseless since it still harms many animals and people. In most cases, â€Å"most animal abusers find some sort of fulfillment or power in torturing a victim they know can't fight back, which is why crimes like rape and child molestation are committed. † (Internet). This suggests that the abusers want to feel superior and want to harm their pets or wild animals just to achieve this sort of power. This would be considered an unfair fight when the perpetrator knows that the animal can’t do anything to defend itself and no one would be around to help it. As Jenny Leigh says, â€Å"It is our job to be the voice for creatures who cannot speak up for themselves† (Internet). People like Jenny are affected by the violent crimes done to animals and their disturbance makes them want to find ways to help these poor animals. In other cases, the animal abusers find it amusing to perform sadism on poor animals without considering how that animal feels. One way that one could feel control by hurting an animal is for example, when a husband may hurt the family pet in order to show his wife or kids what he is capable of doing to them whenever he gets angry enough. Another person may use his or her own pet to hurt other animals just to feel a gain of power and control. These kind of people â€Å"suffer from serious, psychological problems that will probably not go away on their own†¦. Without help, the psychological problems these people have can haunt them for their whole lives† (Internet). This evidence suggests that the people who intentionally hurt animals already have some psychological issues that make them the way they are. These people need help from psychologists and people that know that they have a problem with abusing animals should aid them in receiving help to solve their problems. Lastly, most people don’t understand that they actually take part in animal cruelty and these heedless actions cause much passive cruelty, if not any active cruelty. People that are harming the animals don’t even realize the consequences of their actions and they don’t understand that it is actually a really bad thing to do. It is senseless to allow people to carelessly roam around abusing animals without even thinking about it. While active cruelty is more common and disturbing, passive cruelty isn’t any less important. In fact, it can lead to â€Å"terrible pain and suffering, and ultimately death. Examples include starvation, dehydration, untreated parasite infestations, inadequate shelter in extreme weather conditions, and the failure to get medical care† (Internet). This evidence suggests that the owners of domestic animals harm their pets in their own ignorance and neglect. Animal shelters are designed to give unsheltered animals a chance to have a provided home with a caring owner, but with neglectful owners that commit passive cruelty to their pets, it is difficult to tell if the person the shelters give the animal to can be trusted. Whether it’s active or passive cruelty, people need to be fined or arrested for hurting any kind of animals. However, some people actually think that animal cruelty is good because killing animals such as cows and chickens provide food for humans. Some say that humans need animals for food and that it is inevitable for animal cruelty to come to a complete end when there are many people out there in the world who can’t give up eating meat. â€Å"For centuries people killed animals for food and never considered it cruel. It was just a survival† (Internet). This evidence suggests that as long as people feel that they need to eat meat in order to survive, animal cruelty will not be stopped. People see meat as a basic necessity for ensuring their survival when it comes to food, so they won’t think too hard on how guilty they should feel when they learn that animal cruelty is how their food is made. In spite of that, animal cruelty should still end, because everyone could always become vegetarians since it is healthier for our planet and ourselves. The manufacturing and producing of many meats or products derived from dead animals releases many greenhouse gases on our earth and contributes to even more global warming which will eventually harm all humans and animals alike. This â€Å"little† act of animal cruelty to provide food isn’t as big as a necessity when there are plenty of greens around and when many lives won’t be harmed in the making. In conclusion, animal cruelty hurts animals and humans respectively and must be stopped in order to achieve a humane societal world. This research is important because people need to know what happens in this world. People deserve to know the truth about how the world is running itself and rather than being lied to by the government, people can be educated and informed on these worldwide issues which can then motivate them to help stop it. People will realize what animal cruelty does to animals and humans altogether and they can protest to end it or have laws implemented to ban it. Many people are disturbed, traumatized, and angered by the violent animal cruelty acts but they have no kind of power in trying to stop it, so this would be really helpful for those who are in the unknown of this issue. Works Cited Information on Animal Cruelty ASPCA 13 April 2011 http://www.dosomething.org/tipsandtools/info-animal-cruelty Through Their Eyes, The National Animal Abuse Registry 2004, 13 April 2011 http://www.inhumane.org Leigh, Jenny. Animal Cruelty Must Stop 13 April 2011 http://www.teenink.com/hot_topics/environment/article/90968/Animal-Cruelty-Must-Stop/ 11 Facts about Animal Cruelty 13 April 2011 http://www.dosomething.org/tipsandtools/11-facts-about-animal-cruelty Animals Used for Food PETA 13 April 2011 http://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-food/default2.aspx Beaulne-Stuebing, Laura. What’s Good about Animal Cruelty? Thrust Labs 17 January 2008, 13 April 2011 http://stayingvegan.com/vegan-university/whats-good-about-animal-cruelty/ Talking to Kids about Animal Cruelty ASPCA 2011, 13 April 2011 http://www.aspca.org/fight-animal-cruelty/talking-to-kids-about-animal.aspx Chicken Cruelty http://library.thinkquest.org/05aug/00044/id42.htm

Macbeth- Monster or Man Essay

When the play begins, Macbeth is given the characteristics of being a great warrior, who leads his nation to victory with the simple motivation that we will stop at nothing to serve his country. Yet as the play goes on, the true colors of Macbeth come out as he is blinded by his ambition to obtain power to which he would take extreme measures, where only tragedy was sure to arise, revealing that Macbeth is a true monster at heart. The only thing between Macbeth and the crown was his cousin Duncan, which he decided to kill Duncan if he is to become king, where only a monstrous person can achieve. Though he troubles himself whether he should murder, his determination to obtain power took over his morality and drove him to kill his cousin to claim the crown. â€Å"To prick the sides of my intent, but only Vaulting ambition, which o’erleaps itself And falls on the other†¦Now I’m decided, and I will exert every muscle in my body to commit this crime.† (Act 1 Scene 7) Even with the crown, Macbeths evil doings do not stop, for once he is crowned king, he becomes paranoid of all those around him, imagining that they will betray him, and when he suspects that his best friend Banquo, questions of how he became king, he makes no hesitation to have him killed. â€Å"To be thus is nothing, But to be safely thus. Our fears in Banquo Stick deep, and in his royalty of nature Reigns that which would be feared.† (Act 3 Scene 1) Macbeth stopped at nothing from becoming and staying king, taking out all of those in his way, even those who wear closest to him. Although Macbeth was deceived by both the witches and his wife to do their doing, Macbeth realized the extreme measures of the actions he had to do, but yet he follows through, discarding the future consequences. Even though Lady Macbeth bamboozled Macbeth to kill Duncan, by questioning his man hood, Macbeth had the choice to whether he should murder his cousin, or wait until he died naturally, but became too anxious to prove that he is a man and he truly wants to become king. â€Å"Wouldst thou have that Which thou esteem’st the ornament of life, And live a coward in thine own esteem†¦I dare do all that may become a man; Who dares do more is none†¦What beast was ’t, then, That made you break this enterprise to me ? When you durst do it, then you were a man; And to be more than what you were, you  would Be so much more the man†¦I am settled, and bend up Each corporal agent to this terrible feat.† (Act 1 Scene 7) Macbeth seeked the witches, and chose to be driven by fear, imbedded by them, to believe that Macduff will defeat him, and allowed it to unravel his plan to kill those who will betray him immediately, exposing that we will do anything to protect his ruling. â€Å"Time, thou anticipat’st my dread exploits. The flighty purpose never is o’ertook Unless the deed go with it. From this moment The very firstlings of my heart shall be The firstlings of my hand. And even now, To crown my thoughts with acts, be it thought and done: The castle of Macduff I will surprise, Seize upon Fife, give to th’ edge o’ th’ sword His wife, his babes, and all unfortunate souls That trace him in his line. No boasting like a fool. This deed I’ll do before this purpose cool.† (Act 4 Scene 1) Macbeth always had a choice to do what was morally right, but rejected it to prove his manliness as well as to satisfy his ambition. To lift suspicion from one self, one must hide their true dark desires, and must act as virtuous hero that can only do upright as if to wear mask that deceiving everyone what a true monster one is. Not only does Macbeth fool every one of his â€Å"sorrow†, when he overreacts at the news of Duncan’s death, but uses it to his advantage to brain wash everyone into justifying his actions done. â€Å"Had I but died an hour before this chance, I had lived a blessed time, for from this instant There’s nothing serious in mortality. All is but toys. Renown and grace is dead. The wine of life is drawn, and the mere lees Is left this vault to brag of. Who can be wise, amazed, emp’rate, and furious, Loyal and neutral, in a moment? No man. Th’ expedition of my violent love Outrun the pauser, reason. Here lay Duncan, His silver skin laced with his golden blood, And his gashed stabs looked like a breach in nature For ruin’s wasteful entrance; there, the murderers, Steeped in the colors of their trade, their daggers Unmannerly breeched with gore. Who could refrain, That had a heart to love, and in that heart Courage to make’s love known?† (Act 2 Scene 3) Macbeth was always the ‘snake under the flower’, masking his true self, deceiving those around him into believing that he is innocent. Towards the end of the play, the true selfless, ruthless and cunning aspects  of Macbeth are reveal to unmask the true ambitious, power hungry, and heartless monster he truly is.

The Complete History of Hip Hop

The Complete History of Hip Hop SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Although widely synonymous with rap music today, hip-hop actually got its start as a full-on cultural movement in the 1970s. For the first few decades that the term was around, hip-hop wasn’t just about music: it also referred to art, style, dance, and philosophy. In this article, we cover the full history of hip hop dance and music and include a helpful hip hop history timeline for reference. Origins of Hip Hop Hip hop (or hip-hop, the two can be used interchangeably) began as a culture and art movement in the Bronx, where demographics were rapidly shifting in the early 1970s. During the 1950s and 60s, many white, middle-class people left the cities to move to the suburbs. The African Americans and Latino Americans that were left behind in cities (or who moved to the cities in the intervening years) encountered many challenges in their neighborhoods, as budgets were slashed and resources diverted to the wealthier, whiter communities. Faced with a lack of economic opportunity, as well as rising crime and poverty rates, the young people in the Bronx and nearby communities began creating their own kinds of cultural expressions. These forms of expression would come together to form the four pillars of hip hop. The 4 Main Elements of Hip Hop Music Most scholars agree that there are four main elements, or pillars, to hip hop music. These pillars originated in the 1970s and continue to represent hip hop culture today: Deejaying: making music using record players, turntables, and DJ mixers Rapping: rhythmic vocal rhyming style Graffiti painting: also known as â€Å"graf† or â€Å"writing† Break dancing: a form of dance that also encompasses an overall attitude and style All four of these elements remain signifiers of hip hop as a larger cultural movement. Hip hop is typically broken into three phases: old school, new school, and 21st century. Old School Hip Hop Old school hip hop typically dates from the origination of the movement in the early 1970s up until the mid-1980s. The first major hip hop deejay was DJ Kool Herc. Mixing percussive beats with popular dance songs, Kool Herc was instrumental in developing the sounds that became synonymous with hip hop, such as drum beats and record scratches. Influenced by Kool Herc and his peers, hip hop deejays developed new turntable techniques, like needle dropping and scratching. Kool Herc also popularized rapping, which drew upon the traditions of West African griots, talking blues songs, and black power poetry, among others. Towards the end of the old school hip hop era, the movement began to gain national recognition. The Sugarhill Gang’s song â€Å"Rapper’s Delight† (released in 1979) rocketed up the national music charts, ushering in a new wave of musicians, artists, and performers, while also introducing people around the world to this new type of music. New School Hip Hop By the mid-1980s, hip hop had firmly entered its new school era. The names that headed up hip hop’s new school are more recognizable to a contemporary audience: Run-D.M.C, LL Cool J, the Beastie Boys, and Public Enemy. Each of these artists is responsible for making hip hop what we know today. Run-D.M.C brought hip hop to a larger audience through performances on MTV. The Beastie Boys pushed deejaying further with their digital sampling. LL Cool J and Public Enemy pushed rap in new directions: LL Cool J by bringing romantic themes into hip hop and Public Enemy by using rap to push forward political ideology. Other artists that came of age during hip hop’s new school era include Queen Latifah, who, along with Salt-n-Pepa, brought women into the genre, the Fresh Prince, aka, Will Smith, and M.C. Hammer, all of whom popularized hip hop music even more. As hip hop grew in popularity, it expanded beyond its regional roots, too. In 1989, N.W.A’s Straight Outta Compton became the most prominent hip hop album to emerge from somewhere besides New York City. The East Coast - West Coast divide evolved into a full-on rivalry between the two groups, which ended with the unsolved murders of Tupac Shakur and Notorious B.I.G. From the ashes of the rivalry between the East and West Coasts came late 1990s hip hop, which saw artists like the Wu-Tang Clan, the Fugees, and Diddy reach new levels of popularity. Hip hop became a worldwide phenomenon at this point, too, with new audiences and artists emerging in places like Tokyo, Cape Town, London, and Paris. By the turn of the century, hip hop was the best-selling music genre in the United States. Hip Hop in the 21st Century The 21st century was a tough time for the music industry. The advent of streaming services affected all genres, including hip hop. Despite the monetary effects of the shift in music delivery, hip hop retains its prominence, influencing musicians of all genres. Over the last decade or so, hip hop has moved further from its East and West coast roots. New epicenters for the genre have emerged in New Orleans, Atlanta, Houston, and Detroit, as well as in other cities throughout the United States. Building off of the original four pillars that defined the genre, hip hop artists touch every part of American culture, from dance (think Beyonce’s show-stopping productions) to fashion (where artists like Kanye West have launched lines) to politics (Barack Obama referenced Jay Z several times during his 2008 campaign). While the future of the music industry remains uncertain, one thing’s for sure: hip hop is here to stay. Major Moments in Hip Hop History Throughout hip hop’s history there have been major moments, from the first time a drummer used a break beat on a record to the first time a hip hop album went platinum. Here are some of the major moments in hip hop history. Year Event 1925 Dancer Earl Tucker (also known as Snake Hips) incorporates floats and slides into his dancing, which would later inspire breakdancing. 1962 James Brown’s drummer, Clayton Fillyau, uses the break beat on the record Live at the Apollo. These beats would later influence break dancers. 1965 Muhammad Ali delivers one of the earliest rap lines before his bout against Sonny Liston. 1969 James Brown records â€Å"Sex Machines† and â€Å"Funky Drummer.† Both songs would later influence percussion in hip hop. 1970 Hip hop first appears in the Bronx. 1973 DJ Kool Herc deejays his first block party in the Bronx. 1974 After watching DJ Kool Herc, other DJs start playing in similar styles around the Bronx. DJ Pleaser Lovebug Starski first refers to this movement as â€Å"hip-hop.† 1975 DJ Grand Wizard Theodore invents the record scratch. 1976 DJ Afrika Bambaataa battles Disco King Mario in the first DJ battle. 1978 The music industry first uses the term â€Å"rap music,† which shifts the focus in hip hop from the deejays to the emcees. 1983 Ice T pioneers rap on the West Coast. Michael Jackson does the moonwalk, borrowing from b-boy dance moves. 1984 The Fresh Fest concert, a hip hop tour featuring artists like Run D.M.C, nets $3.5 million. Hip hop has arrived. 1985 Salt-n-Pepa enters the scene as one of the first female rap groups. 1986 The Beastie Boys release Licensed to Ill. 1987 Public Enemy releases Yo! Bum Rush The Show. 1988 N.W.A releases Straight Outta Compton. 1989 A group of friends in Manhattan forms A Tribe Called Quest. D.O.C releases No One Can Do It Better. 1991 N.W.A sells nearly one million copies of N****z For Life in its first week of release. 1992 Dr. Dre’s album, The Chronic, goes multi platinum. Wu-Tang clan release 36 Chambers. 1995 Queen Latifah wins a Grammy award from Best Rap Solo Performance. 1996 Jay-Z releases Reasonable Doubt. The Fugees’ album, The Score, wins two Grammys and debuts at number one. Tupac Shakur is fatally shot. 1997 Missy Elliott releases Supa Dupa Fly. Notorious B.I.G is shot and killed. 1998 Lauryn Hill’s solo album, The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill, earns 11 Grammy nominations and five wins. 1999 Eminem sells four million copies of The Slim Shady LP. 2000 Dr. Dre sues Napster. 2002 Talib Kweli debuts his solo album and introduces himself as a political voice. 2003 Eminem faces controversy and opens up debate about hip-hop and racism after being caught using the N-word. Federal investigators raid the offices of Murder Inc. 2004 Dr. Dre gets punched in the face at the 2004 Vibe Awards ceremony. 2008 Jay-Z becomes the first rapper to headline Glastonbury, the largest greenfield music and performing arts festival in the world. 2010 Nicki Minaj releases Pink Friday, which hits number one on the US charts. 2018 Kanye West releases his eighth studio album, Ye, which debuts at number one. What's Next? If you're looking for something fun to do tonight, this slime recipe might be exactly what you need. Did you know that water has a very special density? Check out our guide to learn what the density of water is and how the density can change. Want to know the fastest and easiest ways to convert between Fahrenheit and Celsius?We've got you covered! Check out our guide to the best ways to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit (or vice versa).

Crooks Diary Entry Of mice and Men Essay Example

Crooks Diary Entry Of mice and Men Essay Example Crooks Diary Entry Of mice and Men Paper Crooks Diary Entry Of mice and Men Paper to be able to listen to me talk, I really believe that being alone for such a long time would really drive me crazy somehow. The yearning I have for a companion is driving me close to being mad! But I will not forget about my dignity and who I am as a black person.

How to Find Adult Education and Earn Your GED in Texas

How to Find Adult Education and Earn Your GED in Texas The Texas Education Agency, known as TEA, is responsible for adult education and high school equivalency testing in the state of Texas. According to the website: The high school equivalency assessment serves as the basis for the Texas Education Agency (TEA) to issue the Texas Certificate of High School Equivalency (TxCHSE). TEA is the only agency in Texas authorized to issue the Texas Certificate of High School Equivalency.   Tests may only be administered by authorized testing centers. Four Testing Options The state allows adult learners to take the High School Equivalencyhttp://tea.texas.gov/HSEP/ exam, the GED exam or, alternatively, to take the HiSET or TASC exam. Each exam is a little different, so its worth your while to take a look at all three. You may find that one or the other is a better match for your skills and knowledge. Its important to know that: All three tests may be taken in English, Spanish, or a combination  All three tests use a computer for at least part of the examAll three tests include sections on language arts, math, science, and social studies; the HiSET and TASC have additional sections as wellThere is a fee for taking the tests; the GED costs $145 while the other two cost about $125. You may be able to get help funding the cost of the testIf you have any type of documented disability that could make it difficult to take the test, you can ask for and receive accommodations Texas Virtual School Network TEA manages a virtual school network that provides Texas students with access to online courses. You can take these courses to prepare for high school equivalency tests, or take a test prep course. Test prep is offered free through online programs and through the Adult Education and Literacy Teachers program. Job Corps Also under Related Content on the Certificate of High School Equivalency Information page is a link to Job Corps. The link takes you to a map of Texas with job corps centers identified. Click on the homepage for information about how to take advantage of this opportunity. There is an eligibility quiz on the landing page, and the links on the top navigation bar are also helpful. Under FAQs, youll learn that Job Corps is a nationwide program that offers hands-on training in more than 100 career technical areas, including: Automotive and machine repairConstructionFinance and business servicesHealthcareHospitalityInformation technologyManufacturingRenewable resources You can also earn your GED through Job Corps and participate in college level courses. ESL courses are also available through Job Corps. Texas Workforce Commission Adult education and literacy help in Texas is also available from the Texas Workforce Commission. TWC provides help with learning the English language, math, reading, and writing with the goal of helping students acquire the skills they need to find a better job or enter college. Good luck!

Reducing Juvenile delinquency Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reducing Juvenile delinquency - Research Paper Example To reduce juvenile delinquency, considerable attention should be accorded to the adolescents in order to create a suitable environment for their influence. This paper seeks to illustrate various aspects associated with juvenile delinquency and measures taken to reduce incidences. Juvenile delinquency illustrates a violation of the law committed by a child under the legal age, which surpasses parental control, and thus is subject to legal action. Such violations of the law are not punishable by death or life imprisonment, but dwell on rehabilitating the offenders to become law-abiding citizens. Institutions such as juvenile detention centers and courts assist in dispensation of legal interventions based on specified procedures in the legal system. Furthermore, a juvenile delinquent is an under aged person who has been found guilty of a crime, and is protected by the law as a minor; hence cannot bears no responsibility for the crime (Snyder and Sickmund, 2006). However, based on the na ture and seriousness of a crime, the age of criminal responsibility is reduced according to state laws, in this regard, the person cannot be tried as an adult. Negative behaviors among children and young adults contribute juvenile delinquency, which is known to cause widespread problems in society. In recent years, it is estimated that a high percentage of children and adolescents engage activities that are in violation of the law, this has contributed to drop in the average age of first arrests made among young people. This can be attributed to the common notion that juvenile offences are normative adolescent behaviors. However, repeated or chronic offenders are most likely to carry on with the trend away from adolescence and become more and more violent. At a tender age, delinquent behavior involves minor theft, but can evolve to violent acts involving the use of weapons as an individual nears the statutory age. Other delinquent behaviors include bullying, truancy, vandalism, assa ult, gangs, and sexual offences. It is for this reason that persons under the statutory age can be charged as adults depending on the severity of the crime. National statistics indicate an increase in the number of juvenile delinquency cases owing to numerous social factors within the society. Juvenile delinquency has its impacts on the victims as well as the society; damages incurred by the victim may be in the form of injury or loss of property, which results in loss productivity during that period. The victim may also incur medical expenses resulting from inflicted injuries during an attack. Psychological trauma is also common among victims and the society. Agnew suggests that when an individual is blocked from attaining a positive goal, it causes strain, which forces one to seek alternative modes of compensation (Agnew, 2005). Similarly, perpetrators of juvenile acts may experience low self-esteem and thus increase their activities to compensate for their loss. There are a numbe r of factors contributing to the heightened rates of delinquency in the society. Among the contributing factors are substance abuse, physical abuse and poverty. At a tender age, most adolescents have monetary access through allowance accorded to them as well as jobs from surrounding business premises. In this regard, drugs and alcohol can be procured with ease given the opportunity. Substance abuse impairs judgment, which may result in further violation of the

Article response Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Response - Article Example For instance, suppose two people are having a dialogue and using English language but of the same gender, they will most likely use ambiguous gender terms when referring to the other party’ (Fukumura, Scholfield & Hyona, 2013). This is because of self-consciousness evident among the speakers mostly contributed by semantic competition that prompts them evade utilizing distinctive pronouns (Fukumura, Scholfield & Hyona, 2013). The study also depicts the aspects of both competition and influence evident when using pronouns especially by same gender parties even in Finnish language (Fukumura, Scholfield & Hyona, 2013). This is evident in experiments 1 & 2 where researchers concluded other nonlinguistic languages shows similar characteristic in reduction of the number of pronouns. Section 2 In this article, Fukumura, Scholfield and Hyona (2013) arguments regarding the choice of gender and who to refer to based on situation influences either increment or reduction of pronouns. This is apparent in the event of semantic similarity, which influences the choice of referring expressions. For instance, this is evident when a referential competitor utilizes pronoun â€Å"they† to denote people having similar animacy (Fukumura, Scholfield & Hyona, 2013). ... For instance, speaker of certain gender based on his or her situation may end up not to using any pronoun in referring to a person of the same gender (Van Gompel, Fukumura, Harley & Pickering, 2011). Hence, result to altering the number of pronouns in a given conversation, which is in agreement with all the three articles. Heine and Song in their study refer this as â€Å"desementicization† because the speaker owing to the situation he or she is undergoing when trying to refer to a fellow person inevitably ends up not discarding common collective pronouns. Since, he or she cannot seclude oneself in similar situation to expound more about others. Therefore, being either male or female in a group of the same gender when choosing reference expressions yields to â€Å"interference†, which in turn ends up to fewer pronouns as cited by the main article (Fukumura, Scholfield & Hyona, 2013). This is also evident in Van Gompel, Fukumura, Harley and Pickering (2011) study though on their part use the world â€Å"Same Features† in referring similarity of any given group of people or entity. Hence, implying these two articles based on the evidenced analyzed, actively support the argument of the main article concerning reduction in the number of pronouns but based on a person’s gender, which I also concur with and support. This is especially in the manner of elaborating though they are using varied words like â€Å"features† to imply uniqueness, which in most cases limits one’s ability to choose usage of certain pronouns (Van Gompel, Fukumura, Harley & Pickering, 2011). Section 3 Excerpt 1 †¦when the referent and the competitor are both male, the activated gender node being male causes interference, leading to fewer pronouns, because by virtue of the link between the

Managing People in Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Managing People in Organisations - Essay Example Manpower management can be a very stressing facet of businesses. The demands differ greatly from those of the other functional areas. Hence, in order to be able to properly manage a company’s workforce, managers must be aware of the behavior being exhibited by the people in their organization. Usually, these behaviors become entrenched in the company and are greatly held by the company’s culture. However, challenging as this may be, it is an important element of a company’s strategy. Basically, these are the force behind the innovations or policies that will be implemented from the strategy that a company hopes to pursue. Hence, building the culture of the company has increasingly been gaining traction among today’s companies since it is a strong platform from which to launch the tactical plans of companies pursuant to their strategic plan. Hence, the capability of companies to utilize their manpower and to be able to harness their capabilities has been cr ucial for the success of these companies (Wang Wei 2006). The need for such awareness and understanding of the human behavior in the organization has been increasingly more pressing with the advent of globalization. The different culture from which employees all over the world has been the norm for companies with global operations has made companies even more aware of the need for understanding the behavior of the people and the organization as a whole. Thus, the management of people necessitates the need for a personal touch. Hence, there have been varying ways in which the different managers handle the diverse workforce they have under them. This has called for a greater degree of flexibility to enable the managers to understand the people that they work with (HIckson and Pugh 2002). This has been a necessary skill in order to enable the company to achieve their various goals and objectives. The multicultural nature of organisations that operate internationally has called for varying styles of management in order to properly handle the differences that they will be encountering with their global workforce. Globalisation has opened up various opportunities for businesses over the past two decades. One is that they are able to source out new markets from different countries. In effect, companies are not anymore limited by the size of the domestic market from which they come from. Through globalisation, they have

Global warming & human activities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global warming & human activities - Essay Example These alterations threaten to transform the global environment. As one author imagined it, â€Å"The year is 2035. In New York, palm trees line the Hudson River †¦ Phoenix is in its third week of temperatures over 130 degrees †¦ Holland is under water. Bangladesh has ceased to exist †¦ in central Europe and in the American Midwest, decades of drought have turned once fertile agricultural lands into parched deserts (Rifkin, 1988).† Composition of Greenhouse Gases Methane and carbon dioxide primarily constitute the greenhouse gases. They also consist of water vapor and trace amounts of other gases including ozone, nitrous oxide, and HCFCs. Greenhouse gases â€Å"trap† some of the sun’s infrared radiation within Earth’s atmosphere, similar to a greenhouse. As the levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere increase, they trap more of the sun’s heat in the earth’s atmosphere, which has a number of effects on the earth’s env ironment. Were it not for greenhouse gases, most of the sun’s energy would radiate back out into space, leaving the earth cold and lifeless with an average temperature of minus 18 degrees C (0.4 degrees Fahrenheit) (Miller). ... Increasing levels of greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide (CO2 ), in the atmosphere since pre-industrial times have been well documented. There is no doubt this atmospheric buildup of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases is largely the result of human activities. Combined with unnaturally elevated levels of naturally occurring gases, global warming is exacerbated by anthropogenic emissions of additional greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. To illustrate the problem, under pre-Industrial Revolution conditions, global levels of carbon dioxide were around 275 parts per million (ppm). Carbon dioxide levels increased from 275 ppm to 346 ppm between 1860 and 1986, primarily due to the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation (Flavind & Tunali, 1995). Plants convert carbon dioxide to oxygen and are one effective way to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Deforestation has resulted in a reduction in the carbon dioxide to oxygen conversion. It is estimated that deforestation co ntributes 1.0 to 2.5 billion tons of carbon dioxide emissions annually (Oppenheimer & Boyle, 1990). It is thought that global levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will reach 550 ppm sometime between 2040 and 2100; however, most analysts believe those levels will be reached closer to the middle of the twenty-first century (Rifkin). It is estimated that over the next 100 years the temperature will increase about 1.98 degrees C (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit). Such a severe temperature change would most likely cause an increase in heat waves and drought, the spread of infectious diseases, and the disruption of ecosystems worldwide. Furthermore, increased global temperatures is causing the melting of ice in both polar regions, resulting in a rise in sea level, predicted by

Best ERP Systems Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Best ERP Systems - Research Paper Example Additionally, the ERP can also include other applications for the finance and human resources areas of an organization. Normally, a relational database system is used or integrated with an ERP system. Moreover, the implementation of an ERP system can engage substantial business process analysis, workers retraining, and new work processes (Brislen & Krishnakumar, 2000; Creative Chaos (Pvt.) Ltd., 2012). This research is aimed at selecting a most excellent ERP solution for the business corporation. In this scenario, an ERP system will be chosen from world top ten ERP solutions. World Top Ten ERP Systems Given below is a list of world 10 best ERP systems: (Shaul, 2011) SAP Oracle Microsoft Infor IFS Abas Epicor Syspro Plex Sage Selection of Best ERP System I have conducted a detailed research to determine the best ERP option. For the selection of an ERP I considered their capabilities and business facilities. In this scenario, I found SAP ERP as the world leading and most excellent solu tion for the business and corporate operational management (Daneva, 1999). In past few years, SAP R/3 technology based system has turned out to be one of the best options for many business organizations that have boarded on business procedure optimization. The majority of them have made the selection of SAP R/3 enterprise resource planning package for the reason that SAP has attained the instant profits which resulted from the full software reprocess. Since its establishment in 1972, SAP has developed as well as productively upheld the communications of procedures, people and tools for clients to reuse. In addition, SAP has always carried out the systematic and logical software reprocess strategy. However, it initially prepared the reuse practice as an integral part of the R/3 Configure-to-Order cycle and started reusing effectively and efficiently. Therefore, in 1992, due to the rising influence of venture modeling architectures, methodologies for integrated IT, and business engine ering tools, SAP R/3 requirements recycle turned out to be the major stream. In addition, to attain these elevated altitudes of reuse; SAP has designed and implemented the R/3 Reference Model, which is a wide-ranging ERP architectural justification of the FU3 System contained 4 visions: (Daneva, 1999) Business process view Function view Data view Organizational view Sap ERP Capabilities The ERP SAP system provides the facilities of centralized data storage and communication. This system provides an excellent support for data handling, planning and management. Hence, the ERP SAP implementation at an organization brings numerous benefits such as better administration and planning of organizational business. SAP services provide the organizations with trouble-free technical capabilities for dispersed systems with functionality that wraps every main feature of advanced operation, process, and permanent development (SAP1, 2012; SAP2, 2012; SAP3, 2012; SAP4, 2012; SAP5, 2012). In addition , SAP ERP technology offers a centralized data storage that is responsible for managing and organizing the management operations, ERP SAP services tools and components to augment the dependability of organizational solutions

Memphis City school system & Shelby county school system a Term Paper

Memphis City school system & Shelby county school system a consolidated school system for or aganist - Term Paper Example School consolidation has been visualized as a means to resolve various rural issues. However, the application of this concept has also resulted in many potential complications along with solving issues, as discussed in this paper. Public perception of consolidation: Early educationalists, policy makers and reformers consented that unionization of schools was the fundamental requirement of the industrialized society. Their mutual consensus led them to speak in favor of the formulation of a centralized and increasingly urban educational model (Kay, Hargood, and Russell, 1982). However, not many parents in the present age favor the practice. This is because they want their children to be given due attention by the mentors, and want the educational environment to be conducive for good learning and academic growth of the children. My personal perception of consolidation: I personally am against the consolidated school system as it adversely affects the educational system and the learnersà ¢â‚¬â„¢ tendency to gain knowledge. People today are highly conscious and possessive about the quality of education their children are provided with in schools. Consolidated school systems crowd the classes with students. ... People generally hold a view that if the charter gets surrendered, it would consolidate Memphis City School and Shelby County School into one unit. Shelby County School has been running a successful academic record and has been managing and administering its system rationally. On the other hand, the Memphis City School is currently going through a crisis. Memphians have to pay a lot of tax, and the record is not up to the mark. The following SWOT analysis depicts the potential consequences of this consolidation. SWOT analysis of the consolidated school system: Strengths: Memphians may see a relief from the double taxation, who have to pay the taxes first for the county and secondly for the city. The City would find a relief from the payment for Memphis City School. MCS would hence, be able to save $78 million every year (Memphis, 2011). Weaknesses: MCS has a poorer record as compared to SCS. It might have to compromise upon many decisions that SCS would propose because of its inferio rity. There is likelihood of emotional distress in the Memphis students because of this union. Opportunity: Memphis schoolchildren would have equal opportunity of education as enjoyed by other schoolchildren that live in suburbs. The kids will have facilities as per their individualistic needs irrespective of their place in city or the county. The consolidation would keep the Shelby County School from acquiring the district status of a special school. If SCS acquires that status, it would separate the Memphis students from those in the suburbs and also, reduce tax base for the Memphis City School, which would potentially raise the tax for taxpayers in Memphis. The consolidation would prevent that from happening. Threats: There is an increased likelihood of frequent encounters

Best ERP Systems Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Best ERP Systems - Research Paper Example Additionally, the ERP can also include other applications for the finance and human resources areas of an organization. Normally, a relational database system is used or integrated with an ERP system. Moreover, the implementation of an ERP system can engage substantial business process analysis, workers retraining, and new work processes (Brislen & Krishnakumar, 2000; Creative Chaos (Pvt.) Ltd., 2012). This research is aimed at selecting a most excellent ERP solution for the business corporation. In this scenario, an ERP system will be chosen from world top ten ERP solutions. World Top Ten ERP Systems Given below is a list of world 10 best ERP systems: (Shaul, 2011) SAP Oracle Microsoft Infor IFS Abas Epicor Syspro Plex Sage Selection of Best ERP System I have conducted a detailed research to determine the best ERP option. For the selection of an ERP I considered their capabilities and business facilities. In this scenario, I found SAP ERP as the world leading and most excellent solu tion for the business and corporate operational management (Daneva, 1999). In past few years, SAP R/3 technology based system has turned out to be one of the best options for many business organizations that have boarded on business procedure optimization. The majority of them have made the selection of SAP R/3 enterprise resource planning package for the reason that SAP has attained the instant profits which resulted from the full software reprocess. Since its establishment in 1972, SAP has developed as well as productively upheld the communications of procedures, people and tools for clients to reuse. In addition, SAP has always carried out the systematic and logical software reprocess strategy. However, it initially prepared the reuse practice as an integral part of the R/3 Configure-to-Order cycle and started reusing effectively and efficiently. Therefore, in 1992, due to the rising influence of venture modeling architectures, methodologies for integrated IT, and business engine ering tools, SAP R/3 requirements recycle turned out to be the major stream. In addition, to attain these elevated altitudes of reuse; SAP has designed and implemented the R/3 Reference Model, which is a wide-ranging ERP architectural justification of the FU3 System contained 4 visions: (Daneva, 1999) Business process view Function view Data view Organizational view Sap ERP Capabilities The ERP SAP system provides the facilities of centralized data storage and communication. This system provides an excellent support for data handling, planning and management. Hence, the ERP SAP implementation at an organization brings numerous benefits such as better administration and planning of organizational business. SAP services provide the organizations with trouble-free technical capabilities for dispersed systems with functionality that wraps every main feature of advanced operation, process, and permanent development (SAP1, 2012; SAP2, 2012; SAP3, 2012; SAP4, 2012; SAP5, 2012). In addition , SAP ERP technology offers a centralized data storage that is responsible for managing and organizing the management operations, ERP SAP services tools and components to augment the dependability of organizational solutions

Case study snyder v phelps Essay Example for Free

Case study snyder v phelps Essay Snyder v. Phelps (2011) Fred Phelps, the pastor at the Westboro Church, along with his followers believes that God punishes the US for allowing homosexuality freedoms, especially within the military. To express their feelings the Westboro Church and its people sometimes picket military funerals in hopes that their voices will be heard. In 2006 Albert Snyders son who was a Lance Corporal for the United States Marine Corps was killed in the line of the duty during his time in Iraq. Matthew Snyder was killed in Anbar, Iraq when he was the gunner on a Humvee that ended up rolling after hitting something. The Westboro Church decided that they would picket Matthew Snyders funeral, notifying the sanction holding the funeral in advance what they planned on doing. When the Westboro Church and its followers arrived to picket this funeral they made sure to stage the picket on public land that was adjacent to a public street. Making sure that they didnt violate any written laws they also made sure to abide by anything that was appointed to them by the police taking care of the funeral. The Church members stood outside this church during the funeral reciting different hymns and verses from the Bible. Albert Snyder wasnt aware of what the signs said until after the whole funeral took place, claiming that he could really only see the tops and couldnt make out what they actually said. Following the funeral, Snyder noticed on the news that the signs some gruesome stuff such as, God Hates the USAI Thank God for 9/1 1, Thank God for Dead Soldiers, and Dont Pray for the USA. Snyder decided that he would then sue Fred Phelps, claiming that the picketing aused him and his family severe emotional distress. In his defense, Phelps argued that everything that took place that day was completely legal under the Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment to the Constitution. The main issue that this case faced legally, was whether Westboros signs and comments while picketing Matthew Snyders funeral related to matters of public concern and in turn, decide whether there is too much protection under the Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment. The Supreme Court made it clear that they were only going to determine this ruling ased on matters of public concern as opposed to matters of purely private significance. The Supreme Court affirmed that the picketing amounted to speech on issues that are public; they felt as if one of the main things that the First Amendment covers is the right to picket based upon public issues. The Court felt as if although the signs that were used may fall short of refined social or political commentary, the issues they highlight the political and moral conduct of th e United States and its citizens, the fate of our Nation, homosexuality in the military, and scandals involving he Catholic clergy are all matters of public import. Albert Snyder realized all of the protection under the First Amendment but he claimed in rebuttal that that picketing was intended to shape an attack on Snyder over a rather private matter. Although the Supreme Court realized that Snyder had a strong claim at the time because of the circumstances that were evident, at the same time they must also hold to the law which noted that Maryland did not have a law imposing any types of restrictions on standpoint, the Supreme Court decided that Fred Phelps and his followers were in all f their legal rights to picket that funeral. The Court expressed their acknowledgment of the picketing of a US Soldiers funeral and the idea that many Americans would feel as if the Westboro Church was morally defective, but it rejected those factors as means for any type of lawsuit that could be tendered to the church. Though a Jury ended up awarding the family of Lance Corporal Matthew Snyder millions of dollars, the US Supreme Court upheld the circuit courts dismissal of the verdict over unruly circumstances. Freedom of speech is something that is considered one of the reatest things available by both sides of the political lanes. Both Conservatives and Liberals strongly believe in freedom of speech, but it is Liberals that are more likely to take the realm of expressing themselves publically. Liberals take pride in the idea of the political left, which basically outlines their devotion to Americas First Amendment the right to free speech. Although it is usually Liberals that we see voicing their opinion publically, the Westboro Church is overall a Conservative group because of what they stand for. Most people including the media portray and roclaim that the Westboro Church is a Liberal party but when you dig deeper you start to notice that isnt really the case. The Westboro Church has many things in common with those that claim to be Conservative; both are against marriage equality, both are for the replacement of constitutional government with religious dogma of their particular form of Christianity, both are for the reduction of the rights of minorities and women, and both are for getting rid of reproductive rights and family planning. The case of Snyder v. Phelps places before us a choice where we ust decide between the ethical values of basic respect versus the legal right of the First Amendment, freedom of speech. From an ethical perspective, it is easy to decide this case based upon the ideas that we adopted over time that all in all became a social norm. The ethical value of respect at a funeral will easily make someone choose the side of Snyders in this case Just because over time we have established that funerals are meant to mourn and to pay respect to not only the fallen but also the family of that person. Although it may be interpreted that the reason that the Westboro Church chose to take action the way that they did was because it was necessary to get their point across, ethically it is frowned upon because of how we know funerals are supposed to take place. The Westboro Church had many options to establish the point that they were trying to get across such as the newspaper, TV, or the radio, but instead they chose to do it at a US Marines funeral which ended up working in their favor gaining them national recognition. Potter Stewart, a once US Justice wrote with regards to Ethics that, Ethics is knowing the difference between hat you have a right to do and what is right to do. This quote explains the complete ethical aspect of this case because it describes how legally, the Westboro Church had every right to do what they did that day but ethically they were in the wrong intruding on the privacy of a grieving family at a funeral service less than 300 feet away. While the Justices made it clear that they understood where Albert Snyder and his family were coming from, they also stood firm with the idea that the Westboro Church was practicing the First Amendment which allows the freedom of speech to he public. One of the Justices following the court case described the entire case as powerful. It can stir people to action, move them to tears of both Joy and sorrow, and as it did here inflict great pain. On the facts before us, we cannot react to that pain by punishing the speaker. As a nation we have chosen a different course to protect even hurtful speech on public issues to ensure that we do not stifle public debate. The problem that is now faced upon America after the ruling that the Westboro Church did nothing wrong is, how much is too much in regards to a few igns becoming too many? Would enough signs have changed the nature of the content of Westboros message towards the Snyder family? The effect of this case on the public is something that isnt necessarily brought up but it is evident in many places because you have to realize that the public mainly sees this as a case of a family being stripped of what they believe should be a quiet and peaceful funeral. With the ruling ending the way it does it has the public wondering how far the First Amendment freedom of speech can really get you and the fine print behind our US Constitution. Overall, the US Supreme Court case touches many aspects whether it is ethically, legally, politically, or socially. It is hard for most ethically driven people to accept the fact that the Westboro Church not only got no penalty for what they did at Matthew Snyders funeral, but they also received no further details about stopping the picketing of funerals. In regards to legal aspects, this case set in stone that the First Amendment freedom of speech allows for not only speech that is accepted ethically but any type of speech that strays away from a personal attack. In most of he publics opinion the Westboro Church was in the wrong that day for not allowing a grieving family time to privately mourn the loss of a family member but although what they did was frowned upon they stayed within their legal rights which forces the court to drop their case. Although Albert Snyder lost this case his family was awarded millions of dollars and they also received support of the majority of the public against the Westboro Church and their actions not only that day, but in the future. Snyder left the courtroom after the ruling with not complete satisfaction but rust that his point was spread across America which was to notify them of what the Westboro Church does and what they caused not only himself, but his family.

Analysing Recruitment Strategies Of Brunt Hotels English Language Essay

Analysing Recruitment Strategies Of Brunt Hotels English Language Essay Brunt Hotels, owns more than 30 hotels throughout the United Kingdom. They recently acquired a small hotel chain headquartered in France. Brunts chief executive decided that half of the new hotels in France would be retained and rebranded as part of the Brunt Hotels Group. The other half will be sold. This will support Brunts strategic objective of growing the organization slowly to make sure that new ventures are well supported and opened on time and on budget. The organization has decided to use an ethnocentric approach and send some of their existing UK-based managers to France to lead the changeover of the new hotels and then manage them after they re-open. If this new overseas venture is successful, Brunt may decide to acquire other small hotel groups in other European countries. The organization has never owned hotels outside the UK before, and has hired a team of independent management consultants to advise them on how to proceed. The hotel management asked you if they should look only internal candidates who are parent country nationals or recruit host country nationals. Explain the legal and ethical obligations in recruitment procedures. The point of a recruitment and selection procedure is to make sure that the best and most suitable candidate is recognized and recruited. The aim of the recruitment and selection procedure is to provide a structure for managing recruitment and selection inside the workplace, in a professional, efficient and fair way, ensuring that the best possible candidate will be selected for the job. This structure will further ensure that no unlawful discrimination occurs throughout the recruitment and selection process and that equality of opportunity is an essential part of the procedure. Any recruitment of family, friends or close associates must be confirmed and reviewed through the appropriate procedures. There should be a methodical and reliable search process and the selection process should be valid. Integrity must be given consideration in recruitment and promotion of employees. Ethics is a bottom-line matter in how managers carry out their responsibilities and how they will train, rewa rd and promote the best employees. Those employees will, in turn, assist to ensure that the company has the most effective and efficient work force promising to achieve its business goals. In our case, the organization has decided to use an ethnocentric approach and send some of their already existing managers from the UK to France to lead the new hotels and manage them after the re-open. However, the hotel management should hire new employees from the host country in order to complete all the positions in the hotel. The organization as for the recruitment of the new workforce will have to think about several factors concerning ethical and legal obligations. An ethical dilemma arises in our situation and this dilemma is: to send employees from the UK or to keep the previous employees of the hotel or to hire new employees and if they keep or hire employees, will be the appropriate ones. To send managers from UK to lead the hotels is not completely wrong, because they already know the philosophy of the organization but is unethical as for the previous employees of the hotels who will probably lose their jobs. Under The Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission Act 19 86 every employee must have the same opportunity for the job. If the management wishes to keep the ethical procedures, the best solution is to follow the recruitment procedures as for the new staff and interview the previous ones and after the selection of the best qualified persons to send them for a short period to UK to work in the belonging hotels. With this process the new employees will be introduced to the organizations philosophy and policies which will assist after to a better communication with the managers from UK. This approach will also help the managers to maintain confidence and trust among the new employees. The management has also to consider and to prevent some other ethical and legal issues that might arise. Such issues are: -Sex discrimination which anyone can face in the workplace should be prevented. Management in recruitment procedures should be free of prejudice and discrimination because all have the same human rights and opportunities. -Racial  harassment is a very common unethical issue in the workplace and has to do with any verbal or physical act which is based on a persons color, physical characteristics, country of origin and nationality. Management should not influenced from all these and should treat to all the candidates equal. -The hiring, training or promoting candidates based on favoritism should be prevented because friendships and relatives are the ones who cause managers the most problems. -Equity and Justice: employees should be treated fairly from the management and not abused or exploited. Justice is concerned with preventing the abuse of power. -Respect for People: employees should be treated within the workplace as individuals with rights to be pleased and defended. Respect empowers others to assert their rights and to attain their potential. The Code of Conduct is based on ethics, values and behaviors outlined in the Code of Ethics which consists of policies, rules that identify the specific actions or procedures appropriate to employees for a range of specific ethical issues. The objectives of the Code are to: assist staff in dealing with ethical issues in ways that reflect the values and standards, provide staff with guidance in ethically unclear situations and encourage staff to do the right think. Appraise the value of the selection interview and the interview techniques. The purpose of interview provides the opportunity for two-way communication and interaction to determine fit between candidate and employer. By the interview the first impression is made and the impression is based on personal appearance, articulation, eye contact, personality and handshake. Interviews are a vital element of the recruitment process for almost all the organizations. Their principle is to give the selector an opportunity to assess the candidates and to reveal their abilities and personality. The interview gives the employer the opportunity to assess them and to make sure that the organization and the job are right for the candidate. Interview structure improves the reliability and validity of the selection interview and entails standardization of processes, including question selection and response evaluation. The selection process for the majority of organizations follows a common subject: Application and CVs are received and candidates are short-listed and invited for interview. The interview format can vary and may contain an assessment centre or tests. Some companies are satisfied after one interview, while others will want to recollect additional shortlist of applicants for more. In case that the interview is successful at the final stage, an official job offer is sent to candidate, the interview format is usually determined by the nature of the company, but there are various standard formats. Employers can avoid hiring mistakes by spending a little more time preparing for the interview in advance. The process of selecting the correct person for the right position through an interview should be followed by several standardized procedures: -Pre interview preparation is the first step and concerns the preparation of the interviewer as for the job requirements and what are the required skills for the position. The interviewer should also have company information available for the candidates and detailed information about the candidates. Review applications in advance to be familiar with the applicants background and to recognize gaps in the information or areas which need special attention. Applications include personal data such as: age, family status etc. and candidates qualifications such as: experiences, languages, diplomas etc. -During the interview, the interviewer has the first contact with the candidate and makes the first impression. He should give details for the organization, and give a general description of the job. At this point, the candidate should have enough information to make a opening determination as to whether he/she is interested in the job. Throughout the interview, the interviewer ask questions that are broad, open-ended, objective, job-related, clear, direct, , meaningful, understood and related to gather as more information from the candidate as possible. He should use questions to force the applicant to tell him what he needs to know to compare the applicant to his ideal applicant profile. Ask for examples whenever appropriate. The interviewer should be open and honest and tell the candidate what to expect in the hiring process. The interviewer should tell to the candidates what the companys expectations are as for the duties, experience expected, career advancement etc and show them where they would fit into the company. -The next step for the interviewer is to insure that a common ground have concluded with the candidate. Ask the candidate if he/she has any questions and at the end of the interview be friendly and honest and inform him/her if you are interested and give special attention to not give false encouragement. After the interview the interviewer should take time to add details to his notes while the information is still fresh and to prepare the information for the next candidate. -The last step is to discuss the candidates reactions and answers and rate them as potential employees. The interviewer should make a decision by comparing applicants to his ideal applicant profile. Communicate your decision to the selected applicant as well as to those who are not selected. By following this process, the interviewer can decide more easily which of the candidates are the most suitable for the job. There are several techniques that the interviewer can use which will help him to get as more information as possible: Closed questions: A closed question can be answered with a single word or a short phrase as well as with a yes or no. closed questions gives you fact, they are easy and quick to answer and help the interviewer to keep the control of the conversation. For example: How old are you?, Do you have previous experience in the hospitality industry?, Where do you live? Open questions: An open question is probable to receive a long answer. These questions require from a person to reflect on upon, a particular point in his own way. For example: What you did in your last position?, Why I should consider you for this position? Probing questions: ask for more detailed and specific explanations of a candidates work experience, knowledge, skills and competencies. Probing questions are, in essence, follow up questions that ask for further information, ask for the person expand on what she has said, or request the person to go deeper. Probing questions can be helpful in increasing understanding, while a great number of people need to be encouraged to go beyond what they have said to help someone understand their deeper feelings and opinions. Play-back questions: checks if the interviewers have understood of what a candidate has said by playing back. Hypothetical questions: putting a hypothetical situation to candidates and asking how they would response. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of interview. Advantages of an interview: Top Management Middle Management Office / Administrative -The interview enables a face-to-face meet to take place which will help the interviewer to make an evaluation of how the candidate might fit in the organization and what they would be like to work with. -The interviewer can describe the job and the organization by providing the candidate more detailed information. -Give the interviewer the opportunity to ask probing questions about the candidates experience, knowledge, skills and competencies. -Provide the candidates the opportunity to ask his/her questions about the position and clarify issues. -More than one interviewer can assess the candidates, if it is necessary. Disadvantages of an interview: -The interview process relies on the skills and the abilities of the interviewer to make the interview successful but usually many people do not have the abilities needed for interviewing. -There is a possibility that the interviewer will not succeed to assess directly competence in carrying out the several tasks that are included for the position. -After the end of the interview, the interviewer can be lead to subjective judgments. Assess the different interview types. There are various different types of interviews. An interviewer should has a familiarity with one or more of the situations described below. When an interviewer schedules an interview, he should try to get as much information about the candidate who will be meeting. It is unusual to have only one interview prior to a job offer. Most employers will evaluate a candidate many times to be sure that the possible employee will fit into the company culture. Face-to-Face Interview à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The mass of the interviews are face-to-face and the most common is a one-on-one conversation. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The candidate should pay great attention to the person who asking questions and keep an eye contact, listen and respond once a question has been asked. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The candidate should aim to establish a link with the interviewer and show him that his/her qualifications will help the company. Panel/Committee Interview à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In this type of interview is more than one interviewer may perform in this part of the selection process. This is the chance for the candidate to put his/her presentation skills on display. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In these pre designed standard questions ranging overall aspects of the job are asked. They focus directly on elements of person specification. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The candidate the time that his is responding to a question should keep eye contact with the panel member who asked the question. Behavioral Interview à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ This type of interview concerns the past behavior of the candidate and is the best predictor of your future actions. These kinds of questions may be asked in any interview: panel, one-on-one, telephone. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ If the interviewer asks behavior-oriented questions, he is no longer asking hypothetical questions but the behavior-oriented questions must be answered based on facts. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Through a behavioral question, the interviewer is looking for results, not just an activity list. He is listening for names, places, dates, results and especially what the candidates role was in achieving that result. Case Interview à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In several interviews the interviewer may ask from the candidate to demonstrate his problem-solving skills. The interviewer will outline a situation or provide the candidate with a case study and ask him to prepare a plan that deals with the problem. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The interviewers are looking for how the candidate applies his knowledge and skills to a real-life situation. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The candidate before answer the case interview question should prepare himself to ask the interviewer many questions for informational purposes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The more the candidate is able to analyze and divide the case study, the more he will likely impress his interviewer. Telephone Interview à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Many companies conduct interviews through telephone to narrow a field of candidates. Telephone interviews may also be used as a pre- interview for candidates who live far away from the job site. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In this kind of interview is important for the candidate to treat as he/she would in a face-to-face connection. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The candidate should be focused on the conversation and listen to the questions carefully before he answers. Group Interview à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ A group interview is planned to expose the leadership potential of prospective managers and employees who will be dealing with customers. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The preferred applicants are gathered together in an informal, discussion type interview. A topic is introduced and the interviewer will start off the discussion. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The aim of the group interview is to see how the candidate interact with others and how he/she use his/her knowledge to influence others. Lunch/Dinner Interview à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The same rules apply at a meal as those in an office. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The candidates can use the interview to develop common ground with his/her interviewer. Stress Interview à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In this interview the interviewer deliberately creates stress to see how an applicant operates in stress situation. The stress interview is usually an on purpose attempt to see how the candidate handles him/herself under pressure. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The interviewer may be argumentative or sarcastic, or may keep you waiting. The candidate must calmly answer each question. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The interviewer may also to stay silent during the questioning and this may be an attempt to unnerve the candidate.